Energy Efficiency Optimization for Hybrid NOMA based Beyond 5G Heterogeneous Networks

The rising number of user equipment (UE) and advanced applications in fifth-generation (5G) and beyond fifth-generation (B5G) networks need energy-efficient resource allocation. The researchers have not yet considered hybrid nonorthogonal multiple access (H-NOMA) scheme with UE clustering in heterogeneous networks (HetNets). This paper investigates downlink H-NOMA scheme with UE clustering in HetNets to maximize energy efficiency (EE). A mathematical optimization problem considers UE admission in clusters, UE association with base stations (BSs), power allocation, the minimum rate, and transmit power requirements. We have converted the formulated non-linear concave fractional programming (CFP) problem into a concave optimization problem with Charnes-Cooper transformation (CCT). An ∊-optimal outer approximation algorithm (OAA) solves the formulated problem. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme regarding EE, network throughput, UE admission, and UE association is shown with the simulation results.