Design of Phase Modulation Antenna Array With Stable Overall Efficiencies

Phase modulation (PM) techniques based on time modulated arrays (TMAs) are usually used to generate a steerable beam at the carrier frequency. However, the overall efficiency of TMAs constructed by conventional PM techniques vary significantly in the whole scanning space, resulting in abrupt fluctuations in array gain. Thus, this letter presents a geometric method to design the time modulated waveforms. According to the simulation results, TMAs constructed using the proposed approach have suppressed peak sideband levels and stable overall efficiency.