Improved Energy Efficient Sleep Awake Aware Sensor Network Routing Protocol

Typically, in the smart city concept, a wireless sensor network contains many power-constrained sensors. The sensors sensed data from the environment and transmitted them towards the base station in a cooperative way. Therefore, an efficient energy consumption strategy leads to extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. Furthermore, the clustering structure pattern regulates the data transmission and reduces the total consumed energy. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol that represents an improvement on Energy Efficient Sleep Awake Aware Sensor Network Routing Protocol (EESAA) called Improved –EESAA (I-EESAA) for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs). I-EESAA protocol consists of many algorithms for clustering, cluster head selection, grouping, sensor mode scheduling, and data transmission. The main idea of I-EESAA is the grouping concept that aims to form groups of sensors with the same application type and located in the same communication range. After groups forming, one sensor in each group will still be in active mode while the others enter sleep mode. Simulation results show that the I-EESAA protocol performs better than the DEEC, DEV-DEEC, and EESAA in network lifetime, the first node dies, cluster head selection process, and throughput. Three system models are present to test I-EESAA with different environments.