Design of a Printed Monopole Antenna with Periodic Patch Director on the Laminated Window Glass for Autonomous Vehicles

This paper proposes a printed 5G monopole antenna with a periodic patch director on the laminated window glass for autonomous vehicles. The proposed monopole antenna and the periodic patch director are printed on each side of the laminated window glass without requiring additional mounting space. The periodic patch director is arranged in 6 × 6 to maximize a bore-sight gain. The proposed monopole antenna has a reflection coefficient and an efficiency of –11.8 dB and 34.8% at 28 GHz, respectively. A maximum bore-sight gain of 3.2 dBi is observed at an operating frequency of 28 GHz.