Analysis of Communication Requirements for Enabling the Coordinate Charge of Sustainable Multimodal Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment

The climate changes are progressively influencing the energetic policies in every field. The mobility sector is also under a deep transformation: the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles are progressively replaced by Electric Vehicles (EVs). In the case of the Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), the traditional engine coexists with the electric one, reducing the overall environmental impact of the vehicles. Currently, only a limited number of EVs are fully electric, the so called Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), but their impact on the distribution grid is increasing day by day. BEVs require the availability of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) to recharge on-board battery. Each of the charging point of a EVSE could typically feed up 22 kW active power (or more in the case of mode 4, according to IEC 61851–1 standard), more than the consumption of three private houses, for approximately a couple of hours (the modern BEVs are equipped generally with a 50 kWh on-board battery to guarantee a useful range). Thus, the installation of EVSEs represents a critical task for Distribution System Operators (DSOs): adequate power supply lines should be identified to be able to install an EVSE. The target of the MoSoRe project is to design a multimodal EVSE able to exploit the energy provided by renewable generators in order to improve sustainability of EV charging and to minimize its impact on the power grid. In that case, a proper charging of the EVs requires the EVSE to work in coordinate mode: a strong interaction between the DSO, the EVSE and the customer is needed. The target of the proposed research work is to investigate the is to analyze the communication requirements of the EVSE in order to support coordinate charge of multimodal EVSE. The behavior of the proposed multimodal EVSE has been modeled in simulation environment, demonstrating the validity of the proposed approach to reduce the impact of EVs on the distribution grid in case of a coordinate charge is implemented.