FDTD analysis of a compact, H-shaped microstrip patch antenna

The characteristics of a small antenna using an H-shaped microstrip patch are studied. Significant reduction of antenna size can be realized when the H-shaped patch is used instead of the conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The theoretical analysis is carried out based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The FDTD programs are developed and validated by available measurement results. The effects of various antenna parameters on the resonant frequency and radiation patterns are shown. Several design curves are presented and the electric current distributions on the patch and ground plane are described. This antenna is suitable for applications where small size and broad beamwidth are required.