Exploring the Potential of Sentinel-2 Data for Tree Crown Mapping in Oak Agro-Forestry Systems

Southern Portugal is characterized by disperse tree cover of Cork and Holm oaks in an agro-forestry system known as montado. Mapping these trees has been historically very difficult as they occur in isolation or in groups with different understory vegetation, including grass and shrubland. Automatic classification for binary tree/non-tree map production has been used elsewhere, but with limited success in the context of montado. Here, the potential of Sentinel-2 data was explored to map oaks using pure and mixed pixels to train a random forest. The output depicts a gradient of tree cover that can be transformed into a crisp map. The accuracy assessment of the latter shows commission and omission errors of 17% and 18%.