A hybrid fault-tolerant routing based on Gaussian network for wireless sensor network

In this paper, we have proposed a hybrid fault-tolerant routing to solve fault-tolerant issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on hierarchical topology. The hierarchical topology is a combination of clustering and the labeling of sensor nodes as Gaussian integers. Accordingly, the network area is divided into small square grids, the cluster head of each grid is represented by a Gaussian integer. These cluster heads are connected together to create a Gaussian network. Through node symmetry, and the shortest distance in the Gaussian network, as well as the advantages of multi-path routing, this paper proposes a hybrid fault-tolerant clustering routing protocol based on Gaussian network for wireless sensor network (FCGW). The purpose of FCGW is to improve fault tolerance, increase data reliability and reduce energy consumption for wireless sensor networks. The experimental results of the proposed scheme show that FCGW protocol has high data reliability. In addition, the FCGW protocol consumes about 48% of the energy in the network, while other protocols consume 70% more energy.