Many-Antenna Full-Duplex with Fully Digital and Hybrid Beamforming Radios

Next generation wireless systems are expected to use a very large number of antennas at base stations (BSs). For example, the 3GPP has already included support for up to 128 antenna BSs for sub-6 GHz cellular systems in its standard specifications. The traditional approach to build many-antenna BSs is to connect each antenna element to a separate Tx-Rx RF chain (an architecture referred to as folly digital) . However, it is possible to reduce the cost and power consumption of the BS by connecting each RF chain to an array of antennas by using phased arrays or switched beam antennas (an architecture referred to as hybrid beamforming) .