Development of a Novel UWB Antenna for 6G-IoT Based Smart Grid Device Monitoring System

The ongoing advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) era provide better solutions to enhance the management of power quality issues and enforce the measures of a smart grid with better Quality of Service (QoS). IoT sensors can report on the condition of power equipment so that preventive maintenance and repair can be made before the failure. Continuous and non-invasive monitoring of Partial Discharge (PD) in a power system is important to avoid equipment damage and improve QoS. PD has several measurable phenomena- one of them is radio frequency (RF) radiation. Some PDs are Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) in nature and their frequency spectrum may extend up to several GHz. A cost-effective, non-intrusive, and smart PD detection technique is needed for the diagnosis of different power equipment. This paper presents a novel design solution of UWB antenna within range 3.02 GHz-11.17 GHz for 6G-IoT based smart grid monitoring. The antenna has a cavity with five rectangular slots. The antenna offers fractional bandwidth of 112.97% with a 1.994 dB maximum gain. Detailed design parameters and simulation results are presented and discussed in the paper.