Human Tissues Parameters and Resolution for Accurate Simulations of Wearable Antennas

In this paper, a wearable antenna on a textile substrate is designed and the effect of a realistic human wrist model on the antenna performance is investigated at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and CST. The antenna is re-tuned to mitigate the undesired effects caused by the wrist model and is optimized for on-wrist performance to operate at two frequency bands. Numerical results show that the effect of the wrist tissues on the antenna performance is less at 5.8 GHz than at 2.4 GHz and the antenna maximum gain decreases when it is placed on the wrist, but the radiation pattern is more directive. The simulation performance of the FDTD and CST are compared to show their simulation capabilities.