Comparative Analysis of IEC 62439–3 (HSR) and IEEE 802.1CB (FRER) Standards

Because more and more on-board electronics devices are being used inside such complicated systems as cars or spacecraft, Ethernet-based protocol with high bandwidth capability might be an alternative to legacy low-speed protocols. Many efforts have been made to improve the reliability of Ethernet for safety-critical networks, including the IEC 62439–3 (High-availability Seamless Redundancy) and IEEE 802.1CB (Frame Replication and Elimination for Reliability) standards. This paper is a comparative study of the two aforementioned protocols. Although both achieve seamless redundancy by replicating and sending multiple copies of the same frame over disjointed paths, their characteristics might be suited for different network configurations.