Design and Performance Evaluation of Joint Sensing and Communication Integrated System for 5G mmWave Enabled CAVs

The safety of connected automated vehicles (CAVs) relies on the reliable and efficient raw data sharing from multiple types of sensors. The 5G millimeter wave (mmWave) communication technology can enhance the environment sensing ability of different isolated vehicles. In this paper, a joint sensing and communication integrated system (JSCIS) is designed to support the dynamic frame structure configuration for sensing and communication dual functions based on the 5G New Radio protocol in the mmWave frequency band, which can solve the low latency and high data rate problems of raw sensing data sharing among CAVs. To evaluate the timeliness of raw sensing data transmission, the best time duration allocation ratio of sensing and communication dual functions for one vehicle is achieved by modeling the
$M/M/1$
queuing problem using the age of information (AoI) in this paper. Furthermore, the resource allocation optimization problem among multiple CAVs is formulated as a non-cooperative game using the radar mutual information as a key indicator. And the feasibility and existence of pure strategy Nash equilibrium (NE) are proved theoretically, and a centralized time resource allocation (CTRA) algorithm is proposed to achieve the best feasible pure strategy NE. Finally, both simulation and hardware testbed are designed, and the results show that the proposed CTRA algorithm can improve the radar total mutual information by 26
$\%$
, and the feasibility of the proposed JSCIS is achieved with an acceptable radar ranging accuracy within
$\pm$
0.25 m, as well as a stable data rate of 2.8 Gbps using the 28 GHz mmWave frequency band.