IEEE 802.1AS Clock Synchronization Performance Evaluation of an Integrated Wired–Wireless TSN Architecture

Industrial control systems present numerous challenges from the communication systems perspective: clock synchronization, deterministic behavior, low latency, high reliability, flexibility, and scalability. These challenges are mostly solved with standard technologies over Ethernet, e.g., time-sensitive networking (TSN). As a research trend, it is expected that TSN will converge with wireless, leading to the Wireless TSN paradigm. Also, Wireless TSN is expected to be integrated with Ethernet TSN to create large-scale wired–wireless (Hybrid) TSN networks. The first step toward Hybrid TSN is the distribution of the clock reference from the wired to the wireless domain. In this article, we leverage existing Ethernet TSN and wireless technologies implementations (Wi-Fi and w-SHARP) and present two hardware architectures specifically engineered to enable the clock synchronization distribution among the network domains. The hardware architectures have been implemented over a system-on-chip field-programmable gate array platform. We demonstrate through several experiments that the implementation is able to fulfill the synchronization performance required by TSN.