Cooperative Operation of Power and Hydrogen Energy Systems With HFCV Demand Response

Hydrogen has shown great potential in the renewable power integration and urban mobility decarbonization like hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs). The HFCV refueling as an essential hydrogen load is of great flexibility. Considering the HFCV demand response (DR), this article studies the integrated electric power and hydrogen system (IPHS) operation. First, the HFCV refueling load model is formulated with its routing on the transportation network considered. Second, the optimal IPHS operation model is developed in which the electric power operation, tube-trailer based hydrogen delivery and HFCV refueling are coordinated. Third, a Lagrangian relaxation based method is developed to solve the proposed model efficiently, which corresponds to a price-based DR mechanism for HFCVs. Compared with existing works on IPHS, the influence of transportation networks is delicately analyzed on both HFCV refueling and hydrogen delivery. The case studies have proven the effectiveness of the proposed method and demonstrated that the overall operation cost is decreased via the proper guidance of HFCV refueling. The HFCV DR shows great potential in exploring the synergy of energy and transportation systems.