A Combined Framework for Demand Side Management and Power Quality Enhancement in Smart Grid Under Different Distributed Energy Resource Penetration

Demand-Side Management (DSM) is considered as a pivotal function in the achievement of sustainable energy for optimizing energy and maintaining the needed flexibility in electrical power system operation. The increasing need to integrate Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in the recent distribution smart grids and the requirements of enhancing power quality issues necessitate the diversifications of DSM methods and techniques. Present literature lacks studies that combine both power quality issues along with DSM strategies. This paper presents a developed method for DSM that depends upon day-ahead load shifting technique to be applied in smart grids the presence of DERs. The developed strategy examined the impact of the penetration level of DERs on both the DSM capability and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The aim is to attain the maximum allowable DERs penetration level for the benefit of DSM without jeopardizing the standards of THD. The day-ahead load shifting technique is applied in this paper using a minimization mathematical model with and without DERs. The formulated problem is solved by using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The simulation results show that the presence of DERs with the proposed DSM strategy can achieve substantial savings in terms of reducing the peak load demand and operating cost; with a trade-off to come up with the optimal DERs penetration level that achieves the best possible DSM while maintaining the allowable limits of PQ indices.