Congestion Control Techniques in 5G mm Wave Networks: A review

An optimal interaction between the transport layer protocols and mmWave links plays a significant role in the fifth generation of communication. Set of challenges experience the mmWave technology as a result to blockage by solid materials and absorption by oxygen or raining. The performance degradation is expected in terms of end-to-end connection owing to the numerous challenges presented by mmWaves. With performance degradation, latency is remarkably increased, throughput is strongly reduced and service is occasionally unavailable. It is important to be aware that TCP is not designed to deal with this kind of challenges exists in mmWaves. The congestion control algorithms in TCP may detect the congested paths in mmWave networks, but it is not easy to distinguish between congestion and link failure. This paper discusses and inspects how the end to end user experience in mmWave networks could be affected by sub-optimal interaction between transport protocol, TCP, and mmWave technology. This paper also provides insights on latency- throughput trade off when using TCP and multi-path TCP in mmWave networks. To solve these issues, open research questions must be answered. These research questions related to reliable handover, exploiting multi-connectivity and tradeoff between energy and throughput This paper discusses TCP congestion control solutions in mmWave networks. It reviews the newest studies, inspects in the network errors and reduces retransmission. Finally, it also presents some the novel trends in research areas of congestion control such as energy efficiency and machine learning.