Amplitude and energy spectra of transient test waveforms

A number of standards exist for testing equipment and systems for susceptibility to the effects of lightning and other transients. The standards define double-exponential waveforms that are intended to simulate the effects of the various transients. More than forty double-exponential waveforms have been analyzed to determine their amplitude spectra and energy content. Specifically, the waveforms of EN61000-4-4, EN61000-4-5, RTCA DO-160D, ANSI C62.41, ISO7637, and various commercial standards have been examined in detail through Fourier analysis.