Digital 3D technology in the assessment of LYVE-1 expression in skin eczema and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Complex research (histological, detection of LYVE-1 by immunohistochemical method, 3D-modeling of an image of LYVE-1 expression by the Nanolive microscope) of the skin of patients with eczema and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) was carried out. We identified congestion in the blood and lymphatic vessels in the papillary and reticular layers of the patients' dermis. As a result of such stagnant phenomena, microcirculation was disrupted, perivascular infiltration appeared, intracellular and intercellular edema developed, and individual cells in the epidermis died. We found that the endothelium of subepithelial skin lymphatic vessels was stained for LYVE-1. Besides we identified LYVE-1 staining in cells of spiny and basal layers (the stratum spinosum and the stratum basale) of skin epidermis of patients. This fact makes it possible to consider the spaces between the cells of the epidermis as prelymphatics, either it points to the presence of LYVE-1+ receptors in epidermis cells, or to the role of LYVE-1 being more specific than previously known. 3D-modeling of LYVE-1 expression in epidermis assumed that cells of the spiny and basal epithelial layers in patients with eczema and DM2 are involved in the lymphatic transport of hyaluronic acid.