ATLAS toward the High Luminosity era: challenges on electronic systems

To maximize the physics reach, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) plans to increase its instantaneous luminosity to 7.5×10³⁴ cm^–2s^–1 and deliver 3 – 4 ab^–1 of data at a center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV. To profit from this high-luminosity LHC operation with a pile-up up to 200 inelastic collisions per bunch crossing, performance of the ATLAS detector needs to be maintained and in many systems, improved. The upgraded detector will have an unprecedented output data rate of up to 200 TB/s. Real-time processing of this large data volume in a short time period is extremely challenging. New sets of both front-end and back-end electronics are required for all sub-detectors. The large number of detector channels, huge volumes of input and output data, short time available to process and transmit data, harsh radiation environment, and the need of low power consumption all impose great challenges on the designs of electronic systems.