Black/Gray Holes Detection Tools in MANET: comparison and analysis

A wide community of sensor nodes is subscribing to the Mobile AdHoc network (MANET) and has self-directed commands. Individual nodes within the network can escort or without permission or prior warning. Therefore the MANET becomes widely applied in vital domains due to its dynamic and autonomous feature and its ease of installation. However, MANET is a target for malicious attacks. One of these attacks is coming from what is called black hole and gray holes nodes. Much published works addressed the detection mechanism developed for black holes. However, not a lot of attention was given to the analytic comparison with the gray hole. This work introduces, compares, and analyzes the most recent researches that addressed the development of gray holes as well as black holes identification tools. In this paper, we presented a comparative table of the most relevant papers, with an indication of the benefits and gaps for each of the protocols used and the approach or technique implemented by the researchers. Then, we presented a summary of the best papers that received a high rating. And presented subsequently our vision and recommendations to inspire and motivate researchers to work on these observations in the future.