6G Integrated Non-Terrestrial Networks: Emerging Technologies and Challenges

The fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems development has brought out a paradigm shift using advanced technologies, e.g., softwarization, virtualization, ultra-densification, distributed intelligence. This trend is expected to continue with sixth-generation (6G) systems. Over the past few decades, Geosynchronous Orbit (GSO) satellite systems have been deployed to support broadband services, backhauling, disaster recovery, and emergency services. Today, there is a considerable renewed interest in planning and developing Non-GSO satellite systems. Within the next few years, several thousands of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite systems will form mega-constellations to provide global communication services. This paper addresses challenges and possible solutions towards satellite 5G networks and beyond as a part of the Roadmap study addressed by the Satellite Working Group of IEEE Future Networks Initiative.