Overview of Some Factors Influencing the mm-Wave Antenna Performance and Designs in Cellular Phones

The mm-Wave technologies and application are getting hotter domains especially for the era of fifth generation mobile communications (5G). This invited paper presents an overview of some main factors, such as the path losses between radio frequency integrated circuits (RFIC) and millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) antenna arrays, materials over the mm-Wave antennas, challenging rounded edges or sides of products, volumes shared with low-band antennas, and high screen-to-body ratios, influencing the mm-Wave antenna performance and designs in cellular phones; the corresponding suitable or promising design solutions, for example, the antenna-in-package (AiP), mm-Wave antennas in non-mm-Wave antenna (AiA), mm-Wave antennas in non-mm-Wave antenna integrating a package (AiAiP), and antenna-on-display (AoD), will also be reviewed.