Evolutionary Algorithms for Deployment of Sensor Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Review

The aim of the paper is to study various evolutionary algorithms employed for deploying the sensor nodes at optimized positions in wireless sensor networks. The sensor network comprise of sensor nodes which are deployed at random positions in deployment area to accomplish numerous functions like collecting the information and transfer the information to other nodes. The effectiveness of the network is affected by random positioning of sensor nodes which introduces sensor coverage problem in sensor networks. The foremost purpose of the deployment methods based on evolutionary algorithms is to deploy the sensors at optimum positions so the nodes can cover maximum area. In this review several evolutionary algorithms for deploying the nodes such as bacterial foraging algorithm, ant-loin optimization algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, flower pollination algorithm etc. are studied. The evolutionary algorithms are compared on the basis of average moving distance, network coverage; computing time etc. and are also represented in tabular format in this paper.