Optimization of MicroStrip Patch Antenna Dimensions for Enhanced Bandwidth, Operating Frequency, Return Loss and Feed Width using Genetic Algorithm

Microstrip Patch Antenna (MSPA) design involves complex multiple equations and the patch parameters including its dimensions thus arrived using the standard equations rarely provide us with the right antenna resonating at the desired frequency. There is always a room for trial and error method of varying the patch parameters, especially the patch dimensions to achieve the desired results, whether it be the resonating frequency, bandwidth or the S-parameter values. Correcting the patch parameters by trial and error method after applying the design equations is time consuming and does not guarantee the best results. There is every possibility of a better value for the parameters that can result in a better output. This is where possibility of optimization comes into picture and Genetic algorithm (GA) making the selection of best possible parameter values for the better results easier. In this article the use of Genetic algorithm (GA) for optimization of patch dimensions such as patch width, patch length and feed width for a 5 GHz Microstrip Patch antenna is presented.