Formal Modeling and Automation of E-Payment Smart Parking System

In recent years, the concept of smart city gained a lot of popularity which includes various smart components such as smart homes, smart offices, smart parking, smart sewerage system, smart transportation, smart buildings, and smart hospital. Smart parking system is the main component of a smart city because searching for parking places, managing parking system and payment for available parking is a major issue for drivers which cause various parking problems such as air pollution, fuel consumption, traffic congestion, and waste of time. Many models of smart parking system have been developed but still, there is a need for improvement because of the introduction of various state-of-the-art technologies in the modeling of electronic payment of smart parking systems. In this paper Internet of Things (IoT) based different payment methods of smart parking system will be presented using UML, Automata, and VDM-SL. Unified Modeling Language (UML) will be used to realize the requirements and design the system's model. Automata theory will be used to represent the behavior of the electronic payment system. The functionality of the system includes the different parking payment methods for indoor and outdoor parking areas. The model will be developed using Vienna Development Method-Specification Language (VDM-SL). The model is analyzed using the VDM-SL toolbox.