V2X Large Vehicle Shadowing at 3.5 GHz Compared to 5.9 GHz

This paper presents a measurement-based comparison of large vehicle shadowing at 3.5 and 5.9 GHz. Obstructed line-of-sight measurements were performed for both vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) scenarios in a controlled environment. The results show how the V2I scenarios with elevated transmit antenna positions can benefit from a 2-6 dB smaller shadow loss as compared to the V2V scenarios. Due to the smaller diffraction loss experienced at 3.5 GHz, the maximum shadow levels can be up to 2-3 dB smaller than at 5.9 GHz. The absolute numbers and empirical distributions provided can be used in system level evaluations of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and vehicle-to-network (V2N) vehicular communication scenarios.