Biophotovoltaics for Energy Generation

Renewable energy sources and technological advancements are playing a significant role in the current scenario. Biophotovoltaics depicts a relatively novel output in the field of research using the microbial system. The process of harvesting light energy and converting them to electrical energy by photosynthetic organisms is the basic mechanism of this technology. The crucial role is the extraction of electrons from the photosynthetic microbe followed by transfer to the anode. In this review, we are summarizing the significant properties of the biological photovoltaic system and the role of cyanobacteria as a key microbial model for the energy system. The types of BPV along with its light-harvesting sources and electron transfer mechanisms are extensively discussed. The variant species of cyanobacteria have been analyzed with different conditions of the anode, power system, and their consecutive efficiencies. The role of the redox mediator in enhancing the output by creating the redox homeostasis in autotrophs is another critical part of our study.