ECM-MAC: An Efficient Collision Mitigation Strategy in Contention Based MAC Protocol

Medium Access Control (MAC) is the sub-layer of data link layer in the communication OSI model, whose basic function is to control the hardware that interacts with the transmission medium. In Wireless sensor network, the communication is done without any wired connectivity and the sensor nodes get energy through batteries. MAC layer protocol is classified as contention based and contention free. Over the years, these protocols have served efficiently in controlling the data transmission, yet they have some compromising and challenging issues, and data collision is one of them. Contention based protocols are reported to be more vulnerable to collisions, as they allow sharing of channels among transmitting nodes. Collisions result in message delay, data loss and retransmissions, resultantly demanding more energy. Researchers are trying their best to reduce the collisions during transmission. This research is aimed to evaluate the priority-based collision control in contention-based protocol. We present a new technique Energy efficient Collison mitigation MAC (ECM-MAC) protocol to handle the QoS and energy constraints for variety of applications. ECM-MAC uses different contention window and node priority mechanism to get the overall performance of the network. Nodes with most important data or with least residual energy will be allowed to transmit first, thereby minimizing the chances of collisions and maximizing the lifespan of the network. In case of high level of collision, the data traffic will be intelligently reduced to minimize the collisions. A contention-based MAC protocol is evaluated to compare the impacts of suggested mechanism with the standard protocol. It will be useful for designers to develop a better collision avoiding contention-based protocol. In wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), a sensor node is typically comprising detection unit, transceiver unit (to send and receive the data packets), processing unit and an energy supply unit for energy provisioning. Enhancement in network lifetime is an important and major challenge in WSNs. Since the transceiver unit has more impact on the energy consumption of the node and its reduction results in significant improvement on network lifetime. In our work, we propose an efficient mechanism that prioritized the nodes to get the high performance in quality of service. MAC protocol is targeted to achieve this, as MAC layer has the authority access to the transmission channel. We prioritize the nodes with lower energy to increase the chances of that node to get access of the transmission channel before their power and battery ran out. Our proposed strategy outperforms other protocols in terms of content retrieval Time, retransmissions and energy efficiency.