Real-time Soil Nutrient detection and Analysis

Agriculture is the backbone of India. Fertilizers play a key role in the agricultural yield. A key problem faced by the farmers is lack of knowledge on the amount of fertilizers to be used. Farmers think that higher the fertilizer used, greater the productivity. But it is not correct, the soil uses the exact amount it needs and leaves the rest. Over utilization leads to leaching and decrease in the natural soil fertility and many such problems. A solution is provided by allowing the farmers to test their lands and use the fertilizer as per the soil's need at an affordable cost. This work gives a report about the design of cost efficient soil nutrients detection using pre-prepared capsules. Here test can be performed for three different types of nutrients Sodium, Potassium and Phosphorous. Here three test tubes are taken and each one is filled with certain amount of soil and water, and then the mixture is shaken for 15 minutes. Then there occurs a color change in the tube. Here a color sensor is used and the color change in the test tubes is detected by the sensor and compared with the existing information about color-deficiency. Sensory data is processed using Arduino and then information about the deficiency and amount of fertilizer needed to overcome the deficiency is given to the farmer.