Direction of Arrival Estimation by Designing an Antenna with Unique Axial Ratio Profile

This paper proposes a simple and novel method for estimating a coarse Direction of Arrival (DOA) of a radio source by designing an antenna that would have axial ratio (AR) profile with a unique value of the product of AR and its rate of change at each angle of arrival. This will be achieved by designing a 3D half wave dipole antenna having unique axial ratio profile in the Elevation plane. The technique employed is a 3D reconstruction of antenna by using horizontal and vertical components of electric field projections. The simulation divides a 3D dipole into various sections each with a length
$\leq\lambda/10$
and iteratively orienting each at random azimuth and elevation angle using MATLAB and generating a corresponding Numerical Electromagnetic Code file and running it. The output NEC file is then examined for suitable AR profile. This process continues unless a unique AR profile is achieved.