Secure, Reliable and Energy Efficient Routing in WSN: A Systematic Literature Survey

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are emerging as a new area of research in wireless technology. WSN is constructed with more number of inexpensive, tiny sized and battery powered sensor nodes. These senor nodes are utilized for sensing the environmental conditions that are widely deployed in diverse harsh environments like military applications, climate and habitat monitoring, acoustic data gathering, civil applications, surveillance as well. The key limitation of WSN is its processing, security and power consumption. These limitations of sensor nodes call for the immediate development of energy efficient and secure communication protocols. Recently, more research works have been focused on solving the challenges in routing that ensures the energy, security and reliability of the network. This survey undergoes a review on different WSN routing models from the year 2017 to 2021. Analysis has been made with respect to energy efficiency, security and reliability of the routing model. Further, the research gaps and challenges prevailing in the recent works are also discussed in this survey, which motivates the upcoming research works in routing.