Study of Security and Privacy Issues in Internet of Things

With the advancement of technology and the internet, almost every device is connected to internet. Internet of Things (IoT) can be explained as an extension of the internet in which smart devices are interconnected with each other. While each smart device has unique identifiers, which makes every device unique. Now, IoT has helped in developing smart architectures whether its home, healthcare, financial institutions or industries. There are smart devices everywhere. These smart devices can also communicate to each other in a network and they work together thus eliminating the need for human interaction. IoT is relatively new and is still developing rapidly. So, there are numerous privacy concerns in IoT. IoT can be divided into different architectural layers depending where the IoT is being used. The IoT model discussed in this research report is Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) which is divided into three layers, application, Network and perception layer. In 2020, during the COVID pandemic the reliability on IoT has increased as people are working from home and many of the tasks has been automated using IoT. The number of security attacks on IoT has also been increased in 2020 alone, which has affected many IoT devices. The objective of this research report is to discuss a number of security and privacy challenges in IoT based on the three SOA layers, the objective of this report also covers discussion on the above mentioned three layers, different technologies used in each layer for communication and different attacks and methods which target each specific layer also discussing different security attacks on IoT which occur ed in 2020 during the COVID pandemic phase. This topic is chosen because Internet of Things is becoming important and is impacting everything around us. It is expected that the total number of IoT devices will cross 20 Billion in 2020 and will have an impact of more than $11 Trillion by 2025. Thus, the security of IoT is to be discussed.