31.3 A 0.14mm2 16MHz CMOS RC Frequency Reference with a 1-Point Trimmed Inaccuracy of ±400ppm from -45°C to 85°C

Recently, rapid strides have been made in improving the accuracy of RC-based frequency references [1-3]. Inaccuracies better than ±500ppm from -45°C to 85°C have been achieved, but typically at the expense of a costly and time-consuming 2-point trim to compensate for RC spread and temperature dependence. This paper describes a 16MHz RC-based frequency reference that achieves ±400ppm inaccuracy over the industrial temperature range with a single room-temperature (RT) trim. The prototype draws 88μA from a 1.8V supply and occupies 0.14mm
²
, which represents a 2× improvement in both power and area compared to the state of the art [2].