Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Compact Review on State-of-the-Art models

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the localization has been extensively utilized for identifying the present position of the sensor nodes. Since thousands of sensor nodes are available in WSN, it is practically impossible to install GPS on each of the nodes, as it is costlier. On the other hand, in the case of a dense network, it is not likely to configure location reference manually on each sensor node. All these together give rise to the development of an automatic localization approach without particular hardware such as GPS and manual configurations. Further, WSN deployment is made economic by means of localization approaches. Recently, many localization schemes are done via beacon node or anchor node that is well-known for its location. A concise survey is made in this paper on the WSN localization techniques and determines the gaps and challenges on the same aspect. This survey motivates future analysts to develop secured and smarter localization models and in WSN that aids in various fields of surveillance, military application, industries as well.