Mechanics, Dynamics, and Aesthetics Framework on Gamification at University

Gamification is a concept in which game elements are applied in a non-game environment. In this paper, we analyze the use of the concept of gamification in learning using the mechanics, dynamics, and aesthetic (MDA) framework. Using the literature between 2017 and 2020, the gamification model used at the university is detailed according to three categories of the MDA Framework. From this study, it was found that leaderboard and points are still the dominant game mechanics. The results of this study can be used as a basis for researchers to know the application model of gamification that has been implemented and the impact of the implementation of the model.