A Multi-Layer Data Encryption and Decryption Mechanism Employing Cryptography and Steganography

Information protection is a significant matter for both oneself and companies involved in one manner of communication or the other, particularly in cyberspace, due to the development of digital computing and communication. As a result, Steganography and Cryptography have become some of the most complementary procedures in data protection. In this modern technology era, individually employing Cryptography or Steganography will not afford the expected security from intruders. Our proposed method employs a unification of Steganography and Cryptography, which utilizes the Blowfish algorithm, the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm and remarkable features of the residue numbering system, the Least Significant Bit algorithm and the operators of Genetic Algorithm. The outcomes show that more than 70% minimal error is reduced (for stego images) compared to the previous methods in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE). This approach above is less complicated concerning runtime and consumes less power. Higher NPCR/UACI value in the result indicates an increased level of security.