Terminal Synergetic and State Feedback Linearization Based Controllers for Artificial Pancreas in Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Lack of insulin production by pancreas causes high blood glucose level (BGL) in the diabetic patients. For their treatment, manual insulin intake is possible only during the day timings but not feasible during the night when the patient is sleeping. Artificial pancreas (AP) is used for the automatic regulation of BGL by continuous injection of insulin. The nonlinear Bergman's Minimal Model (BMM) considers fixed meal disturbance which may actually vary continuously during medication due to meal intake or by doing exercise. This variation has been taken into account by the Extended Bergman's Minimal Model (EBMM). In this paper, two nonlinear: Terminal Synergetic and State Feedback Linearization based controllers have been proposed for AP to regulate BGL using EBMM. Asymptotic stability of the proposed controllers has been proved using Lyapunov theory. Comparison of the proposed controllers with each other and that with PID controller has been done using MATLAB/Simulink. White noise has been added as the disturbance to further analyze the output performance of the proposed controllers. The Terminal Synergetic controller which performs better than others, has also been implemented on the data of six Type 1 diabetic patients available in the literature.