I. Introduction
IN recent years, intelligent transport systems (ITSs) have become a popular topic. The Internet of vehicles (IoV) is an important part of ITS and has emerged as a research hotspot in wireless network research. In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), vehicles share status information with other vehicles or roadside units (RSUs) to promote safe driving decisions and obtain location-based services to improve road safety and achieve a relaxed driving experience.