Attenuation of the Multiple Reflection-Refraction in 2-D Common-Shot Gather via Random-Derangement-Based FX Cadzow Filter

The attenuation of coherent noise plays a crucial role in reflection seismology but still poses some technical challenges. The multiple reflection–refraction (MRR) is one of the main coherent noises in land seismic surveys. The Cadzow filter can effectively attenuate incoherent noise. But it struggles in attenuating coherent noise. After keeping reflection events relatively horizontal, some researchers randomly rearrange the trace orders of the input data to realign coherent noise in an incoherent position so that the Cadzow filter can treat the realigned coherent noise as incoherent noise. Accordingly, a random-derangement-based FX Cadzow filter is proposed to attenuate MRRs in 2-D common-shot gathers based on the linear feature of MRR events and randomization of limited trace orders of the input data. In practice, after linear-move-out (LMO) with an estimated dip, the input data are divided into several small windows to obtain a group of relatively horizontal MRR events. Then, these windows are randomized and filtered one by one. Due to the limited trace orders of each window, there are many possible rearrangements after randomization. Some rearrangements may lead to undesirable filtering performance. To obtain the rearrangements that lead to good filtering performance, each window’s trace orders are randomly deranged by resampling from the input orders with uniform distribution. A 2-D synthetic data experiment shows the influence of different rearrangements on the filtering performance. Both 2-D synthetic data and 2-D field data demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the 2-D FK filter to attenuate both aliased and nonaliased MRRs.