Key Enablers of Industry 4.0 Development at Firm Level: Findings From an Emerging Economy

Organizations in both developed and developing economies are paying great attention to the Industry 4.0 revolution and associated uses of technologies due to its potential benefits to the manufacturing industry. However, there are a limited number of empirical studies due to its early stage of adoption around the world, especially regarding the key technological factors that are necessary. This article addresses this research gap by identifying the factors that enable successful Industry 4.0 technologies adoption in an emerging economy country, grouping them, and ranking the groups based on priorities for adoption. The study adopts a mixed-method research methodology. Q-sort technique and analytic hierarchy process, respectively, were used to group enabling factors and prioritize the groups for Industry 4.0 technologies adoption. Thereafter, semistructured interviews of key stakeholders in the manufacturing sector in Thailand were carried out to validate and support findings from the quantitative analysis. Five industry experts from automotive and electronic parts/components manufacturers were interviewed. The results show that human capital is the most important readiness dimension for Industry 4.0 technologies implementation. Interoperability and data handling were found to be the next in importance. On the contrary, hardware and technology systems, such as data security and technological infrastructure, were identified as the least important of the technology readiness dimensions. These findings provide a different perspective to extant studies that posited that technology-based factors as the most important for Industry 4.0 success.