Adapting Tellegen’s Theorem for Synchrophasor-Assisted Fault Identification in Active Distribution Networks - An Illustration

The integration of distributed generations at distribution level makes the traditional fault location schemes inappropriate, owing to bidirectional power flows and other challenges. It therefore becomes imperative to develop new and reliable fault identification methods in Active Distribution Network (ADN) in order to automatically isolate and restore the end-user services in a short space of time. To this end, this paper presents a synchrophasor-assisted Tellegen's theorem based fault identification method in ADNs. At first, the two adjoints of the original network are created and their phasor information is stored offline. Next, it is assumed that the distribution-level Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) aka μPMUs are located at the extreme buses of the actual network that provides the real-time data, and finally, both the off-line and real-time information is utilized to detect the open or short circuit fault in the network. The proposed fault identification method is demonstrated in detail on a simple system, keeping in view the typical ADN characteristics.