Different Penetration of Electric Vehicles and Impact on Developments in the Electric Grid

The world of transport is facing a great challenge with individual transport accounting for about 80% of it with cars, gradually abandoning fossil fuels and traditional engines to embrace battery powered propulsion, observing in 2030 a significant diffusion of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in Europe exceeding 40 million units. The paper examines the impact of different level of penetration of electric mobility on the electricity network and Low Voltage (LV) Distribution network and in particular, what interventions and evolutions the distribution grid will have to undergo in order to manage this new and progressively increasing load of energy. Urban and rural grid models have been studied, to underline the differences between the EVs impact on High and Low density networks. A management model for the production and consumption of electricity has been proposed to improve the critical aspects obtained from the first simulations, coupling a PV system with an Energy Storage System (ESS). Finally, a solution to exploit the public Charging Stations (CSs) where to control the local voltage variations through connected EVs is presented.