Two-port Design of Y-shaped Patch using Characteristic Mode Analysis

The design of two antenna ports for a compact Y-shaped patch on top of a square ground plane is considered. Specifically, characteristic mode analysis reveals candidate regions to locate two direct probe feeding ports to jointly excite two significant modes of the Y-shaped patch with low mutual coupling and correlation. The feed design procedure, based on both the amplitude and phase distributions of the characteristic electric near-fields, is validated by full-wave simulation with two example realizations of two-port designs.