An Efficient MEO SAR Imaging Algorithm Based on Optimal Imaging Coordinate System

The curved trajectory and long synthetic aperture time of medium-earth-orbit (MEO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) lead to a two-dimensional spatial variation in the signals. Traditional methods treat the range and azimuth variations separately, and usually suffer from high computational complexities. We investigate the Doppler rate distribution across a large scene, and exploit an optimal imaging coordinate system, in which the MEO SAR signals satisfy the azimuth-shift-invariant property. The additional processing of the azimuth spatial variation in MEO SAR imaging algorithms can be avoided, and the efficiency of the image formation processor can be improved. Finally, processing of simulated stripmap-mode data with 2-m resolution can validate the proposed algorithm.