SEED: QoS-Aware Sustainable Energy Distribution in Smart Grid

In this paper, the problem of ensuring reliable energy distribution in smart grid is studied, while considering that each customer is connected with multiple micro-grids. In the traditional smart grid, each customer is connected with a single micro-grid. Additionally, in the existing literature, some researchers proposed energy distribution schemes considering the presence of multiple micro-grids. However, none of these existing schemes consider that the customers can consume energy from multiple micro-grids simultaneously, which can essentially enhance the quality of service (QoS) in energy distribution, as it aids in reducing the transmission loss and increasing the profit of the micro-grids, while the customers pay less. To address the aforementioned problem, we design a sustainable energy distribution scheme, named SEED, to decide the distributed energy request vector, while ensuring high QoS in terms of energy availability and the price charged by the micro-grids in smart grid. We use an evolutionary game to ensure that the energy load is optimally distributed among the micro-grids and each micro-grid gets an equal opportunity to earn a profit. Through simulation, we observe that using SEED, renewable energy consumption per customer improves by 14.05 percent while reducing the cost by 29.87 percent. In other words, SEED ensures a sustainable environment by reducing the CO
$_2$
emission by 14.05 percent, while reducing non-renewable energy consumption from the main grid. Additionally, the profit of each micro-grid increases by 58.32 percent.