A Review: Prediction of Multiple Adverse Health Conditions from Retinal Images

During the recent years, lifestyle related diseases and disorders such as stress, hypertension and diabetes are increasing at a rapid rate in the middle aged population also These disorders may have greater likelihood of developing multiple adverse health conditions like cardiovascular strokes, cerebrovascular strokes, kidney failures, depression etc. Preventive diagnosis measures are required to diagnose these adverse health hazards in the middle aged group. These days the health care sector is equipped with sophisticated instruments to diagnose the abnormalities in specific organs using different modalities like Computer Tomography(CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI), Positron Emission Tomography(PET), Ultrasonography scans, X-Ray, etc. Retinal vascular imaging has its popularity in diagnosing several ocular diseases viz, Diabetic Retinopathy(DR), Age related Macular Degeneration(AMD), Edema, Glaucoma, etc using the latest advancements in Artificial Intelligence with the aid of modalities like Retinal Fundoscopy, Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT), confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO). As per the clinical based studies, the retina shares similar physiological and anatomical features with vital organs hence it is million worthwhile to say that retinal vascular imaging could predict the multiple adverse health conditions like Cardiovascular(CVD), Cerebrovascular(CVS), Chronicle Kidney Diseases(CKD), Breast Cancer and Pulmonary Diseases. The main objective of this review is to study and present the retinal associations related to these life threat adverse diseases., by considering sources from various clinical based studies. The review is concluded by addressing the potential and candidate retinal biomarkers for each of these diseases.