Smart Power Swing Protection for the Line with Tap

Ensuring the selectivity of power swing protection on lines with taps is significantly complicated by the impossibility of measuring the tap power value. The problem is aggravated by the fact that the power of tap varies widely. Usually, known solutions are based on the use of either maximum or average value of the tap power. As a result, both approaches are lack of the optimal solution and lead to a significant narrowing of the protection zone. The article proves that the tap at the protection zone introduces the greatest error in the estimation of the power swing center location if it is located directly near the installation site of the power swing protection. A new method of tap power accounting in the functioning of power swing protection is proposed. It is established that the optimal setting of the power swing protection, which ensures the uniformity of the error in accounting the tap power value in the algorithmic model of the network, is the complex power vector equidistant from the upper and lower boundaries of the tap complex power. The importance of introducing an extended zone into the protection zone is shown, where the power swing protection device operates with a delay.