Future Security Challenges for Smart Societies: Overview from Technical and Societal Perspectives

Human societies went through a long journey from fundamental Society 1.0 to smart Society 5.0. From a security point of view, each phase of development has its characteristics and specialisation. In modern research, when considering security matters, the focus cannot be only on technology but also society, as a group of human beings, needs a different perspective. Rapid technological development brings higher standards and quality of life, while our security standards and personal perceptions of security concepts need to adapt and follow the pace of these developments. This paper stimulates a new concept of societal security, along with a review of various kinds of threats to Society 5.0. The main objective of the paper is to shed light on the risks and threats facing future societies. Related to the here and now, it points out where interdisciplinary research is indispensable and still needs to be done to find answers and solutions. However, the originality of this paper lies in the fact that it combines both the technical and societal perspectives.