Stabilization of the Torque on the Shaft of a Statically Balanced Crank Mechanism

In modern internal combustion engines, along with the forces from the gas pressure in the pistons, the inertia forces and inertia torques of the crank mechanism occur. These values depend on masses and accelerations of elements of the crank mechanism. For some modern engines, the values of the inertia forces may be comparable to the values of the forces that occur in the pistons during their operation. So, the problem of stabilization of the torque on the shaft is important. It is known that the crank mechanism cannot be completely balanced. For the modern internal combustion engine partial balancing is usually used. A flywheel is used to compensate for the uneven angular velocity during the operation of the internal combustion engine. In this study, we propose a system for stabilization the torque on the shaft of crank mechanism based on an elastic hinge with a given force characteristic. The force characteristic of a such a hinge depends on the shape of the guides between which the elastic element (pneumatic spring) rotates. At zero angular acceleration the dependence of the torque on the angle of rotation of the crank for a given angular velocity is obtained, which must be applied to it in order for its angular velocity to be constant. 6For a single-cylinder engine, the dependence of the difference between the torque at which the angular velocity of the crank is constant and the torque on the crank that occurs from the gas pressure on the piston when the engine is running, from the angle of rotation, was determined. In order to make this dependence potential, a constant was added to it, equal to the average torque when the engine is running. For this potential dependence, the shapes of the circular guides of the proposed torque stabilization system on the engine shaft were calculated, between which an elastic element (a pneumatic spring) moves. The combined action of the potential moment from this system and the moment on the engine shaft leads to such a dependence of the moment acting on the crank on the angle of rotation that the angular velocity of the crank becomes constant. A scheme of operation of an elastic hinge connected with a crank for a 4-stroke engine is propose (LA scheme of operation of an elastic joint connected to a crank for a 4-stroke engine is proposed. It has been proven that one guide of the elastic hinge is efficient in a certain range of angular speeds of the engine crank. This approach will significantly reduce the weight of the flywheel in the future. This will provide significant energy savings during acceleration and deceleration of the engine, since the share of the flywheel in the inertia of the moving mass of the internal combustion engine can exceed 80 percent. бIt may be particularly promising, for example, for buses that can perform hundreds of decelerations and overclocking of the internal combustion engine per shift. This will provide significant energy savings at accelerating and braking of engine.